Carbon footprint

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Note 1: The calculation of the carbon footprint of the different activities follows the methodology of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and the World Resources Institute (WRI), across its three levels: direct, indirect and third‑party impacts. Scope 1 and 2 emissions correspond to activities under the Group’s financial control and account for 99.996% of turnover. The values presented took into account the following for Scope 1 and 2: (i) refrigerant gases – emission factors defined by the IPCC; (ii) chemical fertilisers – emission factors defined by the IPCC and the Portuguese Environment Agency; (iii) enteric emissions from cattle, sheep, goats and manure management (methane emissions) – emission factors defined by the Portuguese Environment Agency; (iv) fuels and heating – emission factors defined by Portugal’s Directorate‑General for Energy and Geology, Colombia’s Unidad de Planeación Minero‑Energética and Poland’s Krajowy Ośrodek Bilansowania i Zarządzania Emisjami (National Centre for Emissions Balancing and Management); (v) electricity – emission factors defined by the International Energy Agency (location‑based electricity), suppliers (market‑based electricity in Portugal, Poland and Slovakia), the Association of Issuing Bodies for franchised stores or stores located in third‑party properties (market‑based electricity in Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic), the Unidad de Planeación Minero‑Energética (market‑based electricity in Colombia), and United for Efficiency (U4E), a UNEP‑led initiative (market‑based electricity in Morocco); (vi) fuels used in the light‑vehicle fleet – emission factors defined by the Greenhouse Gas Protocol; heating – for the calculation of emissions associated with heat consumption under the market‑based method in Poland, emission factors published by the Urząd Regulacji Energetyki (URE) were used.
For the calculation of Scope 1 GHG emissions by gas, emission factors defined by the IPCC were used for stationary combustion, refrigerant gases and enteric emissions, and by the Greenhouse Gas Protocol for fuels used in the light‑vehicle fleet. For the disaggregation of Scope 2 emissions, the proportions of each GHG in the emission factors of the International Energy Agency were considered.
Note 2: The calculation of Scope 3 emissions considered the following: C1 – in the absence of validated data provided by suppliers, the weight and/or value of purchased products was used together with emission factors from Agribalyse and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), namely the Environmentally‑Extended Input‑Output (EEIO) factors. For the purchase of services, EEIO factors from the EPA were used. Emissions associated with water consumption were also considered using factors from the UK Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA); C2 – EEIO emission factors from the EPA were used for the different types of investment; C3 – this category includes “Well‑to‑Tank” (WTT) emissions associated with the extraction, production and transport of energy (electricity, heating and fuels) not included in Scope 1 or 2, using emission factors from DEFRA and the International Energy Agency (IEA); C4 – this category includes transport emissions, as well as WTT emissions associated with the extraction, production and transport of fuels used in the transport of goods between the Group’s operational units and customer deliveries, using DEFRA factors; C5 – DEFRA factors were used for the different treatment pathways of waste generated in operations, customer waste and wastewater; C6 – travel‑related emissions include air and rail travel and hotel stays, using DEFRA factors (air travel includes non‑CO₂ effects), including WTT emissions; C7 – the calculation of commuting emissions excludes employees with company cars (reported under Scope 1) and takes into account the remote‑working policy of the Group Companies. A customised emission factor was developed based on DEFRA factors and statistical data on average commuting distance by mode of transport; C10 – this category includes emissions associated with the processing of products sold by JMA to external companies, using emission factors from Agribalyse and EEIO factors from the EPA; C11 – this category includes direct emissions from sold electrical and electronic products and fuels, using IEA emission factors for the energy consumption of electrical and electronic products, and DEFRA factors for direct emissions associated with fuel consumption. Emissions resulting from the use of agricultural by‑products sold to third parties, such as manure, which is applied as fertiliser and therefore associated with N₂O emissions, are also included. In this case, data from the Portuguese Code of Good Agricultural Practices and emission factors from the Portuguese Environment Agency and the IPCC were used; C12 – this category includes end‑of‑life emissions of products and respective packaging using DEFRA factors; C15 – this category includes the Group Companies’ investments in subsidiaries or joint ventures, and emissions are calculated using EEIO factors from the EPA or published emissions from investees. The remaining Scope 3 emission categories were not considered as they are either not applicable to the Group’s activities or not deemed materially relevant given its business model. In particular, no relevant activities were identified in categories C8 (upstream leased assets), C9 (downstream transportation and distribution), C13 (downstream leased assets) and C14 (franchises).
Note 3: Scope 1 GHG emissions from the activities of our Companies are not covered by the European Emissions Trading System or any other regulated emissions trading schemes.
Note 4: Emissions from JMA’s agricultural and livestock activities include enteric emissions from cattle, sheep and goats, the use of chemical fertilisers and manure management.
Note 5: Parameter C14 includes franchising and similar models, currently reported under scopes 1 and 2 emissions.
Note 6: In the context of preparing the Climate Transition Plan, the Group carried out a qualitative assessment of the potential “locked‑in” greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with its main assets and products. For this purpose, the operational characteristics of the relevant assets were analysed, including stores, distribution centres, industrial infrastructures, as well as their useful life, energy intensity, and technological renewal cycles. Considering the nature of the Group’s activities, centred on food retail, no industrial assets structurally intensive in carbon were identified that could generate significant and unavoidable emissions over extended time horizons.
The Group’s main operational assets are subject to regular cycles of modernisation and technological replacement, including the progressive substitution of refrigeration equipment with solutions featuring lower global warming potential and the increased use of electricity from renewable sources. Based on the assessment carried out, the Group concluded that the low value of its “locked‑in” GHG emissions associated with its main assets or products is not sufficiently material to compromise the achievement of the GHG emissions reduction targets defined in the climate transition plan or to give rise to significant transition risks.
Note 7: The Group assessed the exclusion criteria applicable to the EU Paris‑Aligned Benchmarks, as defined in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818, which sets out the minimum requirements for benchmarks aligned with the Paris Agreement.
Based on this analysis, the Group does not conduct activities that would trigger automatic exclusion from these benchmarks, namely activities related to the exploration, production or processing of thermal coal, oil or gas, or other carbon‑intensive activities explicitly excluded under the aforementioned regulation. Consequently, the Group’s exclusion from indices that apply these methodologies lies solely at the discretion of the entities responsible for managing them.